3D branes in the space-time.

Ruslan A. Sharipov

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The 3D brane model of the universe is the name of the new non-Einsteinian theory of gravity, of which I am the author. The new theory is based on a criticism of the concept of space-time (see Criticism of thespace-time sausage). In Einstein's theory, the space-time is recognized as a four-dimensional physical continuum, having material existence in its entirety. In the new theory, space-time is just a product of our mind, a mathematical abstraction. It does not accumulate the past in a material form and does not contain the future in a ready-made physically formed form. Otherwise, the space-time of the new theory is very similar to the space-time of Einstein's theory. It is shown on the following picture.

 

On the picture we see the subdivision of the space-time into the three-dimensional space and the one-dimensional time. The space is depicted in the form of slightly curved two-dimensional surfaces that do not intersect with each other. In fact, these surfaces are three-dimensional and there are not two of them, but infinitely many. They are 3D-branes and they fill the entire four-dimensional space-time. The word brane is derived from the word membrane by contraction. Membranes that we see in the everyday life are two-dimensional. Membranes in physical theories, called branes, can have any dimension.

Does the division of the space-time into the space and the time depend on an observer whose point of wiew we choose?

Einstein's theory of relativity and the new theory answer this question differently. In Einstein's theory there is no specific way to divide the space-time into the space and the time; such a division always depends on an observer. This phenomenon is called the relativity of simultaneity.

In the new theory, called the 3D-brane universe model, there is a special infinite family of 3D-branes. It turns spacetime into a 3D-brane foliation. Each brane in this foliation corresponds to a specific intant in the evolution of the universe. Only one of the branes corresponds to the current instant, that is, the intant of the present. It is that very brane that has the prototype in the form of the real three-dimensional physical universe in its current state. The remaining branes correspond to past states of the universe that have ceased to exist, and its future states that have not yet formed.