3D-brane universe model

Ruslan A. Sharipov. 1 ... 17 18 19 ... ru The first period of development of the theory "3D-brane universe model" began in the summer of 2022 and concluded in late summer 2023. A book of the same name was published in Russian in the summer of 2024. Its English translation was published in the spring of 2025. The Russian version of the book can be downloaded here: Shr10brus.pdf . The English version is available here: Shr10beng.pdf . Why did I choose the word "development" rather than "research?" In research there is usually an object of study. The researcher influences it in all available ways and studies the results of his influence. In theory development there is a premise from which the developer builds the elements of his theory. For me this premise was the conviction that the unification of space and time in a single continuum is non-physical. The space of the universe and the matter within it are after all three-dimensional. This is exactly...

Ruslan A. Sharipov. 1 ... 16 17 18 ... ru First and foremost for me, he coined the term "superbradyon," which refers to a massive particle capable of accelerating to speeds greater than the speed of light. He coined the term in 1997 in his paper arXiv:physics/9702026 . A full list of publications by Luis González-Mestres on arXiv can be found at author:González-Mestres,L . He has a ResearchGate profile and an Academia profile . In his ResearchGate profile he states that he has been working at the CNRS , the French National Center for Scientific Research, since 1970, where he became a full-time employee in 1972. He also states that he heads the Cosmology Unit at Mngatrend University. From his Academia profile we learn that the Cosmology Unit is a laboratory, and he is its director. He describes his research as both theoretical and experimental, listing the following areas: theory of strong interactions, string models, primordial components of matter, the search for...

Ruslan A. Sharipov. 1 ... 15 16 17 ... ru Massive particles with the critical speed different from the speed of light were considered by Luis González-Mestres in his paper arXiv:astro-ph/9505117 . This was in 1995, that is 27 years before the theory considered here, called the "3D-brane universe model", was developed. Believing that their critical speed is greater than the speed of light, in 1997 in his paper arXiv:physics/9702026 he called such particles superbradyons. For the energy and momentum components of superbradyons Luis González-Mestres wrote formulas very similar to our formulas With one difference: instead of a function g with two zeros in the denominator, he uses unity. This means that Luis González-Mestres did not consider superbradyons in a gravitational field. In his subsequent work he suggested that superbradyons may be contained in cosmic rays. Superbradyons by Luis González-Mestres don't fit within Einstein's standard theory of relativ...

Ruslan A. Sharipov. 1 ... 14 15 16 ... ru The action integral for a point particle is the time integral of its Lagrangian. The Lagrangian itself is simply a function. In the case of a non-baryonic point particle, that is a dark matter particle, it is given by the formula ; This Lagrangian leads to the following equation of motion for a point particle in a gravitational field, written as a differential equation for the components of the particle's momentum covector: The formula expressing the components of the particle's momentum covector in terms of its velocity was written out earlier in the text " Lagrangian of Point Particles ". Using this formula, we can rewrite the above equation as It is seen that the particle mass m is completely absent from this equation. In the previous equation, it was explicitly present on the right-hand side and implicitly present on the left-hand side. In the equation derived from it, it has canceled out. This abbr...

Ruslan A. Sharipov. 1 ... 13 14 15 ... ru In previous texts, we discussed gravity within the framework of a new non-Einsteinian theory called the "3D-brane universe model". But besides gravity, the universe also contains matter. We've already considered matter, but only in general terms, without specifying its forms. Now we'll begin to specify them. First, we'll consider point particles. The action integral for a point particle is the time integral of its Lagrangian. The Lagrangian itself is simply a function. This distinguishes it from the field Lagrangian, which is the integral over spatial variables of the Lagrangian density. In our case, we choose the Lagrangian as follows: The index nb indicates that we have chosen a non-baryonic particle, i.e., a dark matter particle. In the case of a baryonic particle, the index nb is replaced by the index br. In this formula, m denotes the particle's rest mass, and v denotes its velocity. The quantity ...